The article summarizes the experience of educational and methodological support for the language training of Chinese philologists, reflected in the range of textbooks on Russian as a foreign language developed at Kazan Federal University in 2013-2021. The review of educational publications is conducted in accordance with the principle of their correlation with various methodological approaches. The linguistic textbooks are divided into two categories: those that aim to improve practical skills and abilities in various aspects of the language, and those that form linguistic competence in the field of language theory. Communication manuals, being a means of teaching communicative intentions, speech genres, and speech stereotypes, play a special role, since the main goal of an internship in a foreign language country is to improve communicative competence. The cultural studies field is represented by textbooks of a new type that focus on the formation of intercultural competence, as well as textbooks based on regional material, which serve as an essential means of linguistic and cultural adaptation for foreign students. The anthropocentric direction, which aims to develop the linguistic personality, is implemented through a book that uses gamebased tasks and quests to solve educational problems. The test-based direction provides textbooks that meet the requirements of a particular certification level and regularly include test-based control tasks and communication training exercises. The article shows that a number of manuals are a synergy of different methodological approaches, ensuring versatility and optimization of learning.

The article considers the development of soft competencies of bachelor-linguists in the multilingual environment of the university. Analysis of dissertation research over the past 5 years (R.A. Ilaeva (2023), S.V. Mikhailova (2023); O.B. Ganpantsurova (2021), A.A. Prokhorova (2020); A.V. Barakhta (2024), L.V. Orenburova (2021) showed that the scientific and educational space of the university is engaged in research as soft competencies. However, existing scientific works, even in the presence of different approaches, reflect the achieved results in the field under study, but cannot serve as the basis for creating a methodological basis for the development of soft competencies of bachelor-linguists in the multilingual environment of the university. The relevance of the study is that the soft competencies of bachelor linguists are one of the ways to bridge the gap between acquired competencies at the university and solving real professional situations in modern conditions. The purpose of this article is to determine and substantiate the methodological invariants of pedagogical approaches for the development of soft competencies of bachelor-linguists in the multilingual environment of the university by means of a foreign language. During the study, theoretical and empirical methods were used: analysis, synthesis, comparison, description, observation. The result of the study was the justification of invariants of pedagogical approaches, which form the core of the methodological basis of the holistic system of training bachelor-linguists.

One of the primary tasks of domestic higher education system at the present stage is to develop students’ skills for self-education, the desire for continuous professional growth, equipping them with the appropriate knowledge and skills for this. The development of selfeducational activities of university students requires the search for and use of fundamentally new techniques and technologies. The integration of digital technologies into the educational process has led to significant transformations in the Russian higher education system, requiring a review of teaching methods and approaches in higher education. The article focuses on the use of digital technologies to enhance the self-educational activities of university students in the process of foreign language learning. The article provides an overview of the most popular digital resources and platforms in foreign language learning; describes the essence and structure of web quest technology as one of the most effective digital technologies in developing students' self-educational activities. The authors present a classification of web quests based on various criteria, such as structure, goals, and level of participant involvement; outline the stages of working with web quest technology; highlight the advantages of using web quests in foreign language learning. Specific examples of using web quest technology in the process of foreign language learning at university are also reflected in the article.

The transformation of international and intercultural interaction formats, along with the need to address priority state policy objectives in the areas of national security and social stability, imposes new demands on the development of the education system.

The foundation for the updated goal-setting of educational policy is formed in the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Field of Scientific and Technological Development, which provide for the identification and support of talented young people for successful professional development in science and technology. Particular attention is paid to the development of intellectual potential and the development of linguistic talent in students through extracurricular activities.

The purpose of this article is to develop and test a model of methodological support for linguistically gifted schoolchildren in preparation for English language Olympiads (using the Republic of Tatarstan as an example). This system includes target-based, methodological, substantive, and organizational-technological components, ensuring the comprehensive development interlingual and cognitive abilities. Extracurricular training creates conditions for unlocking the potential of gifted students, including tasks that stimulate cognitive flexibility and verbal initiative, as confirmed by experience in preparing for and participating in Olympiads.

This approach promotes the development of linguistic talent and the formation of future internationally recognized specialists, meeting the requirements of modern educational policy and the challenges of globalization.

The study examines the late plays of L.N. Tolstoy (“The Power of Darkness”, “And the Light Shines in the Darkness”, “The Living Corpse”) against the backdrop of the Western European “new drama”, represented by the works of G. Ibsen, M. Maeterlinck, G. Hauptmann, and analyzes the nature of the influence of the new dramatic discourse on the writer’s work. The writer’s negative assessment of the work of the new playwrights, whose plays were “accused” by him of incomprehensibility and lack of content, is combined in Tolstoy with an active assimilation of their creative techniques. In the dramas “And the Light Shines in the Darkness”, “The Living Corpse” one can find many artistic principles of the new playwrights: the retrospective-analytical principle of composition, the biographical method of depicting a character, the dialogical superposition of different points of view, and subtext. At the same time, Tolstoy's theatre was not only influenced by the drama of the “new wave”, but also had a direct influence on it, which is confirmed by the analysis of the play “Before Sunrise” by G.Hauptmann, inspired by Tolstoy's “The Power of Darkness”. Certain parallels are found when comparing this same drama by Hauptmann with Tolstoy's ‘The Living Corpse”. When analyzing Tolstoy's dramatic works of the 1880–1900s, their inclusion in the general context of theatrical searches at the turn of the century is revealed.

In April 2024, the 300th anniversary of I. Kant was celebrated. The State Museum of L. N. Tolstoy has opened two exhibitions in connection with the anniversary date. The exhibition "Reason, morality, freedom. Immanuel Kant and Leo Tolstoy" was organized jointly with the Kaliningrad Historical and Art Museum. The exhibition "I. Kant and L. Tolstoy: Philosophical Dialogues" was opened at the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The presentation of philosophical issues with the help of expositional means was carried out thanks to quotations from the works of Kant and Tolstoy, artistic images symbolizing the main sections of the exhibition, illustrations to Tolstoy's works, manuscripts of the writer, books and articles. The first section of the exhibition "The Starry Sky and the Moral Law" is devoted to the ethical views of Kant and Tolstoy, who are presented as two travelers walking from different directions towards the same goal. The second section "On eternal Peace" reveals the socio-political issues in the work of thinkers. The symbol of the section is a door with the inscription "To eternal peace" in German. The third section "Reason and Faith" is devoted to the religious views of Kant and Tolstoy, their understanding of reasonable faith. The fourth section reflects the statements of the Russian writer about the German philosopher, as well as quotes from Kant's writings that attracted Tolstoy's attention. The content of the exhibitions highlights the deep inner kinship between Kant's philosophy and Tolstoy's worldview.

The article examines the transformation (metamorphosis) of ideas about family happiness among the heroines of Gustave Flaubert's novel “Madame Bovary” (1856), Leo Tolstoy's “Anna Karenina” (1873–1877), and Javad Fazel Larijani's “Love and Tears” (1952). The analysis demonstrates how illusory notions of love and happiness, shaped by romantic ideals, lead to crises in the heroines' lives and ultimately to their tragic demise. The central issue lies in the discrepancy between dreams and reality, as well as the detrimental impact of unrealistic expectations on personal and family life. The study reveals that Emma Bovary, Anna Karenina, and Mahin, facing disappointment in marriage, seek happiness in love affairs; however, their pursuits are doomed to failure. The article identifies similarities and differences in the development of the plotlines and the heroines' inner evolution, determining the factors influencing their choices and worldviews. The analysis establishes that key aspects of the transformation of happiness ideas include the idealization of love, the influence of aristocratic society, and a lack of self-awareness. The study emphasizes that in all three works, family happiness is contrasted with illusory expectations, the latter leading to personal destruction and tragic outcomes.

The article deals with the description of structural, semantic and syntagmatic properties of the verb-noun separable complexes in Modern Chinese. The distributional potential of separable verbs is discussed when such inserts as measure words, numerals, counting complexes and units with quantitative semantics are placed between the components of the two-syllable complexes. The analysis of the corpus material shows that the nature of interaction between the components of separable words with different quantitative groups, as well as the variety of possible inserts, depends on the degree of motivation of the semantics of the whole complex, as well as on the degree of unity of its components and their semantic weight. The same inserts are given different functional interpretations. Thus, for example, measure words, placing between the components of some verb-noun complexes, can function not only as quantifiers of the situation, but also as actualizers of the noun component of a two-syllable verb. Moreover, the noun components of some separable words can function as analogues of verb measure words, with some significant differences between them based on their semantic weight in the structure of the two-syllable complex. Thus, “empty“ noun components, which semantically duplicate the meaning of verb components, can take numerals in preposition and be considered as quasi-measure words. Such distributive potential allows to suppose a further grammaticalization of noun components of predicates with semantically “empty“ noun in their structure.

Internet communication, as a dynamic manifestation of language, is a crucial element of modern social reality; it is a relatively recent medium of communication that is expanding worldwide. Communication on the Internet allows people to show linguistic creativity, so in the virtual communicative space a lot of neologisms, terms and slang expressions appear. The following models become the sources of new words: “new words new meanings”, “old words new meanings”, abbreviation and affixation, the use of dialectal vocabulary and foreign borrowings, word play, etc. Our study of the Internet vocabulary in Chinese covers the time period 2022-2024. "Ten Popular Internet Expressions," published by three Chinese publishing houses, reflects the origins and development trends of Chinese neologisms. Under the influence of online communication and globalization, the vocabulary of the modern Chinese language is becoming richer and more international. The linguistic representation of the world is changing in response to shifts in human life and social dynamics. The impact of information technologies and the Internet on language functioning and evolution is substantial and complex, since linguistic innovations exhibit both beneficial and detrimental qualities.

The article is devoted to the study of the diachronic features of the use of mitigation tactics in British parliamentary discourse. The complexity and multidimensional nature of the discourse is considered, its key features and functions are highlighted. The classification of types of discourse is given, special attention is paid to political discourse as a kind of institutional discourse aimed at achieving political goals and gaining public trust. The importance of studying British parliamentary speeches is also emphasized, and characteristic features such as the desire to protect one's own interests, shape public opinion and influence the consciousness of citizens are noted. The main purpose of parliamentary discourse is to defend positions and promote party ideology. Effective solutions to these problems are facilitated by mitigation strategies that reduce the likelihood of conflicts and improve the quality of communications. The main methodological approach is based on the analysis of parliamentary speeches recorded in the official archive (Hansard corpus). The linguistic and structural features of the strategies used, as well as the influence of external factors on the change in the nature of discourse, are investigated. The results show a significant increase in the number of euphemisms, modal words of insecurity, and general trends in increasing tact and diplomacy in public speaking. This study confirms the existence of significant evolutionary changes in the structure and content of parliamentary discourse related to changes in the social and cultural environment. The results obtained demonstrate the significant contribution of science to understanding the mechanisms of functioning of parliamentary communication and offer prospects for further indepth study of this topic.

Purpose. Within the framework of pre-election political communication the poster acts as a dominant means of pre-election campaign, designed to convince a potential voter to visit a polling station and cast his vote for a particular party or candidate on election day. The article characterizes this phenomenon of political communication; describes its main constituent elements; considers the basic features of this polycode phenomenon; presents a detailed linguistic and semiotic analysis of election posters of the leading Russian parties. The relevance of this article is due to its significance for those studying political communication.
Methodology. The empirical material was selected by the method of continuous sampling on the official platforms of the Internet. The research methods include general scientific methods of multimodal analysis, interpretive method, content analysis. The material of the study was election posters of three parties that gained the most votes according to the results of the 2021 elections in Russia (“United Russia” – 49.82%, CPRF – 18.93%, LDPR – .55%).
Results. The types of posters used by the key parties of Russia in the pre-election campaign were considered; the main criteria underlying the multimodal analysis were determined; the distinction features of the pre-election poster as a polycode text were described; a detailed analysis of the design and textual content of pre-election posters was performed.
Scope of the results. The obtained results make a certain contribution to the further study of political communication. The results of the study can be used in the basic course of sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, political science.

The article presents a comparative analysis of slang expressions in Russian and Spanish. The study aims to identify common trends in the formation and use of slang in various contexts.

Special attention is paid to the role of slang in communication within specific age and social groups. The theoretical part of the article examines different scholarly interpretations of the concept of "slang." Additionally, a comparative analysis of related terms (jargon, argot, and colloquial speech) is conducted to highlight the differences and similarities between these linguistic phenomena.

The practical part is based on survey results from native speakers of Russian and Spanish. The research demonstrates how slang adapts to specific linguistic environments and reflects the realities of the speakers. The analysis also explores the influence of media, internet culture, and globalization on the spread of informal vocabulary. The article traces how slang functions as a tool for self-expression, identity, and social integration. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of regional context in slang usage, as meanings and recognition may vary depending on geography.

In the modern era, motorsport has occupied a special niche in the global sports in-dustry, becoming not only a competition of technology and skill, but also a vivid example of intercultural communication. With its development, a unique discourse has been formed, which finds expression in written and oral speech. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of motorsport discourse in the context of globalization by analyzing journalistic articles. The main objective of the research is a detailed analysis of the terminological composition, including both borrowed internationalisms and native Russian terms reflecting the history and national traditions of motorsport in Russia. The subject of the research is the features of these texts reflecting the processes of globalization in motorsport communication. 7 Russian-language news publications on motorsport and car culture were analyzed. The study found that 38% of the terms in these articles are borrowed from English and French motorsport discourse. The analysis made it possible to establish that the texts of motorsport discourse are characterized by a hybrid composition of linguistic units. This is manifested in a symbiosis of global, generally understandable terminology that ensures the unity of the international sports community, and nationally specific components that give the discourse cultural uniqueness and connection with local sports history, which confirms the initial hypothesis of the study.

The paper considers news headlines from popular German media outlets covering the visit of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany to Damascus in early 2025. The relevance of the study is determined by both the high interest in resolving the Syrian crisis and the role of the media in covering the interethnic conflict, namely the role of news headlines, which often deliberately implement a strategy of exaggerating the scale of the conflict and its significance for the addressee. The aim of the work is to conduct a linguosemantic analysis of German-language news headlines from the position of a discursive approach. The study also describes the structural specificity of German media headlines, characterized by a three-component form: headline-announcement, headline-text and subheading. The research material was based on the headlines of such German media outlets as Tagesschau, Süddeutsche Zeitung, ZDF heute, TAZ, Deutschlandfunk, Echo-Online, die Welt, Stern, BR24, etc.The results of the study showed that most of the analyzed headlines showed a shift in semantic emphasis to issues that are more important for the German government: providing financial assistance to Syria, possible cooperation between the new Syrian government and Germany, resolving the migration issue, which is pressing for the imminent return of Syrian refugees living in Germany. By refusing to actualize the semantic concept of “conflict,” the headline acts as a tool for reducing tension and polarization in the German media space, and also prevents the escalation of conflict at the international level, which is largely due to the geopolitical situation and national objectives.